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br Author contribution br Acknowledgement br Introduction Si
2023-08-23
Author contribution Acknowledgement Introduction Since the initial finding of Gould et al. [1], showing the loss of dendritic spines in the hippocampus after ovariectomy and its rescue after treatment of the animals with estradiol, a tremendous number of studies have demonstrated a role of
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To further investigate the role of
2023-08-23
To further investigate the role of cholesterol in the Rh2-induced cytotoxicity, we then focused on the U937 cell line, which is cholesterol auxotroph and considered as a valuable model to study the importance of cholesterol in membrane structure and function (Billheimer et al., 1987), and used the e
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br Materials and methods br Acknowledgement
2023-08-23
Materials and methods Acknowledgement This work was supported by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation (Grant no. 6151001), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant no. 31572516). Introduction Staphylococcus aureus is an important microorganism responsible for both clin
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The regulation of gene expression by glucocorticoids
2023-08-23
The regulation of gene expression by glucocorticoids can be mediated either by the canonical mechanism that involves the interaction of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), a transcription factor activated by the hormone, with glucocorticoid response element (Ye et al., 2007), or by the non-canonical m
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AP activity is increased by MAP
2023-08-23
AP-1 activity is increased by MAP kinase stimulation in different cell types (Whitmarsh and Davis, 1996), while MKP-1, the enzyme that catalyzes the dephosphorylation and inactivation of MAP kinases in the nucleus, inhibits AP-1 (Rössler et al., 2008, Rössler and Thiel, 2009, Mayer et al., 2011, Thi
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br Experimental and computation Standard samples of
2023-08-23
Experimental and computation Standard samples of artemisinin (1) and artemether (2) were purchased from China National Institutes for Food and Drug Control. Their ECD spectra, at a concentration of 1.0–5.0mg/mL in ethanol, were recorded in a quartz cuvette of 1mm optical path length using a Jasco
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br Antibiotic drug discovery approaches Traditionally novel
2023-08-23
Antibiotic drug discovery approaches Traditionally, novel MPEP Hydrochloride were largely discovered by phenotypic screening approaches of various sources of compounds, such as natural products isolated from extracts of soil microbes and semi-synthetic or fully synthetic compound libraries derive
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br Parkinson s Disease and the immune system
2023-08-22
Parkinson’s Disease and the immune system Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, after Alzheimer’s, which affects 10 million people globally and is characterized by rigidity, bradykinesia, tremors, and gait instability (O’sullivan et al., 2007). The patholo
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To further clarify the vascular cell types
2023-08-22
To further clarify the vascular cell types expressing AR subtypes, double immunofluorescence staining for ARs and vascular endothelial LY 2157299 synthesis or vascular smooth muscles was performed. As shown in Fig. 3, Fig. 4, overlay images show the expression of all ARs subtypes that we examined i
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br Expression of adiponectin mRNA in chickens We first
2023-08-22
Expression of adiponectin mRNA in chickens We first sought to determine the nucleotide sequence of the chicken adiponectin cDNA. The open reading frame of the chicken adiponectin cDNA consists of 735 nucleotides that was 65–68% homologous to various mammalian adiponectin cDNAs (Maddineni et al.,
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PC is considered as a cancer of
2023-08-22
PC is considered as a cancer of the epigenome (Grasso et al., 2012, Robinson et al., 2015). Our results demonstrate that the interaction of AR with ACK1 drives the positive feedback epigenetic circuitry that is ultimately conducive to promote AR transcription. Further, this circuitry subjugates AR t
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Direct inhibition of LO activity by
2023-08-22
Direct inhibition of 5-LO activity by BRP-187 is clearly evident in cell-free assays using PMNL homogenates and isolated human recombinant 5-LO as enzyme source. In such assays, pure FLAP inhibitors like MK886 are inactive [9], [10], [29], [44]. Wash-out experiments and studies using the nonionic de
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While the direct effects of ARI lead to
2023-08-22
While the direct effects of 5-ARI lead to a dramatic Flavopiridol hydrochloride in serum DHT levels, other laboratory values are also affected by 5-ARI use. Serum testosterone elevations are known to occur with both finasteride and dutasteride use, but values will typically remain within the normal
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br Research perspective In vitro and
2023-08-22
Research perspective In vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that increased LPA/ATX signaling contributes to cancer initiation and progression. Recent findings on the role of non-tumoral ATX in cancer progression and metastasis highlighted a new functional contribution for the microenviron
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Inactivation of autophagy can also impact
2023-08-22
Inactivation of autophagy can also impact the surface internalization of MHC I molecules, leading to increased antigen presentation. Inactivation of autophagy factors Atg5 and Atg7 in DCs causes elevation of MHC I surface levels by decreasing endocytosis due to a poor recruitment of adaptor-associat
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