In summary it is clear that the

In summary, it is clear that the Late Cretaceous is a major episode of magmatic activities and the related large scale Sn–W mineralization distribute throughout the southeast Yunnan and northeast Vietnam. Combining the new data of this study and published igneous rocks and mineralization ages (Appendix 3), the histogram of these dating results demonstrating 100–80 Ma is the most important period of the mineralization and magmatism activities in the southeast Yunnan and northeast Vietnam region with a peak of 83–90 Ma (Fig. 2).
Distribution of Late Cretaceous magmatism–mineralization activities along Eastern Asian continental margin and the possible geodynamic links
Concluding remarks and future considerations The data reported and summarized in this study show a group of Sn–W deposits with many similarities developed in the SE Yunnan and NE Vietnam region, which likely represent one regional metallogenic event. Most of these Sn–W deposits formed contemptuously in Late Cretaceous (ca. 80–100 Ma), and all of these ore deposits are genetically related with the coeval regional magmatic activities. From the regional mineralization–magmatism–metamorphism geochronological dataset, we suggest that the Late Cretaceous tectono-magmatic event widespread along the eastern Asian continental margin, including the region of this paper. Previous studies have shown that this maybe the product of the subduction of the Palaeo-Pacific Plate beneath the Eurasian continent, which probably formed under an Andean-type active continental margin setting. For the Late Cretaceous magmatism and mineralization activities in the SE Yunnan and NE Vietnam region, it is reasonable to suggest they are parts of this event and formed under the same geodynamic setting. However, because of the special location of this region, the data in this study just a framework that provides skeletal understandings on this issue to some extent, it is necessary to have more studies to make these understandings more clear. Here we list several suggestions, in our view they are important for studying the Sn–W mineralization in SE Yunnan and NE Vietnam region in the future. (1) As the question rose by Morley (2012), how are these granitic plutons in SE Yunnan and NE Vietnam, SW Borneo, northern Mindoro and northeast Taiwan associate to the tectonic pkd kinase of SE Asia? The answer of this question will be helpful to figure out the nature of the Late Cretaceous tectono-magmatism in this region. (2) The existing data also indicate the Triassic granitic magmatism and the related Sn–W mineralization activities widely occurred in the whole region, which possibly are the responses to the Indosinian tectonic movement. In this case, characterizing the two episodes of mineralization and magmatic activities in this region and raveling out their relationship are significant. (3) Although the current opinion favors the paleo-Pacific plate NW-direction subduction model for the late Cretaceous geodynamic evolution in the eastern Asian continent (e.g. Honza and Fujioka, 2004; Metcalfe, 2009; Zhang et al., 2010; Wang et al., 2011a,b), how this process influenced the geological evolution in the southeast Yunnan and northeast Vietnam remains need more details.
Acknowledgments We appreciate the assistance of Xiaoyu Wang and Wei Zheng from China University of Geosciences (Beijing) for their help on part of data collection and figure drafting works during early stage manuscript preparation. The principal author of this paper (CYB) benefited from many insightful discussions with Dr. Richard Goldfarb from U.S.G.S. and Dr. Junfeng Xiang from Institute of Mineral Resources, CAGS. This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41302055) and the National Nonprofit Institute Research Grant of CAGS-IMR (K1203).
Introduction Isothermal bulk modulus (K) is an important parameter in studies of the deep interior of the Earth (e.g., Duffy and Wang, 1998). It has been intensively investigated by different techniques such as high-P compression experiment (e.g., Mao et al., 1969; Hazen, 1993; Fei and Mao, 1993; Shieh et al., 2006), ultrasonic interferometry (e.g., Liebermann et al., 1977; Li et al., 1998), Brillouin scattering (e.g., Weidner et al., 1984; Jackson et al., 2000), empirical calculation (e.g., Anderson and Nafe, 1965; Hazen and Yang, 1999), advanced theoretical simulation (Oganov et al., 2000; Deng et al., 2010), and many more. In the last century, much knowledge about the K of minerals has been obtained and enormously expanded our understanding about the geochemical and geophysical process of the deep Earth (e.g., Ricolleau et al., 2009; Liu et al., 2012).