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br Introduction Depressive disorder is a syndrome characteri
2021-12-08
Introduction Depressive disorder is a syndrome characterized by a group of heterogeneous symptoms that affect more than 350 million people worldwide, 4% of world population (WHO, 2012). The WHO estimates depression will be the leading global cause of disability in 2020, with tremendous economic c
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The mechanisms of action of MMF and DMF are not
2021-12-08
The mechanisms of action of MMF and DMF are not well understood, but a growing body of evidence has demonstrated that DMF may act on both the neurodegenerative and inflammatory response of MS patients. The majority of the data related to the mechanism of action of DMF/MMF demonstrates the associatio
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br Acknowledgements We thank the support of the National Nat
2021-12-08
Acknowledgements We thank the support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) project 81501342 and support from the Disciplinary Group of Oncology and Immunology program of Xinxiang Medical University. Introduction First described as a new clinical entity in 1981, the Acqu
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In conclusion we demonstrated that extrasynaptic glutamate c
2021-12-08
In conclusion, we demonstrated that extrasynaptic glutamate could in situ affect the AA metabolism via brain CYPs. CYP1B1 and CYP2U1 genes in the astrocytes are the downstream genes of CREB, and the up-regulation of CYP1B1 and CYP2U1 expression by glutamate was due to the increases in phosphorylated
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br Regulation of Glu transporters The pivotal
2021-12-08
Regulation of Glu transporters The pivotal role of Glu transporters in the fine tuning and turnover of this excitatory amino Castanospermine receptor calls for a detailed characterization of its regulation. Several general mechanisms that modify Glu uptake activity have been described. These inc
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br Conclusion and future directions GS is an important thera
2021-12-08
Conclusion and future directions GS is an important therapeutic target for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Its structure and function have been studied during the last years to understand the substrate cleavage mechanism to modulate the Aβ42 peptide production. The recent elucidation of GS
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Introduction Since the development of the first radioimmunoa
2021-12-08
Introduction Since the development of the first radioimmunoassay (RIA) to measure hormone levels in the late 1950s, for which Rosalyn Sussman Yalow was awarded the Nobel Prize for Medicine in 1977 (the second woman ever receiving it), the use of 5416 in molecular research has increased tremendousl
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Recent research has focused on
2021-12-08
Recent research has focused on identifying key agonists and receptors mediating nutrient-induced GLP-1 and insulin secretion. The long-chain fatty Tubastatin A HCl synthesis receptor GPR40 is the most abundant GPCR expressed in islet β cells and is also expressed on intestinal L-cells, where it con
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While earlier reports on ferroptosis
2021-12-08
While earlier reports on ferroptosis did not clarify mitochondrial damage and consequent death signaling in this paradigm of oxidative death, evidence from recent studies in neuronal systems strongly suggested a mechanistic link between enhanced lipid peroxide formation and loss of mitochondrial int
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Andexanet alfa works as a decoy for the FXa inhibitor
2021-12-08
Andexanet alfa works as a decoy for the FXa inhibitor to bind to irreversibly. The recently completed ANDEXA-4 trial, which was a prospective, open-label, single group study, found that patients achieved good or excellent hemostasis in 82% of subjects [, , ]. There was an overall 10% thromboembolic
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The site of metastasis in breast cancer often
2021-12-07
The site of metastasis in breast cancer often contributes to the patient’s OS. Patients with bone metastasis from their breast cancer often have a notably increased survival over patients with visceral or capreomycin metastasis. In this analysis, ER+/HER2+ patients were noted to have a higher rate o
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Intracellular signaling pathways leading to
2021-12-07
Intracellular signaling pathways leading to IR injury are initiated by an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS). This occurs principally at the time of initiation of reperfusion, which is accompanied by the re-admission of oxygen to the ischemic tissue. The resulting cascade of downstream events
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The prevalence of hepatitis C virus
2021-12-07
The prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in p.C282Y homozygotes in North America is unknown. We determined the prevalence of anti-HCV antibody and HFE genotype and serum ferritin (SF) associations in non-Hispanic white participants in the Hemochromatosis and Iron Overload Screening (HEIRS
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br Materials and methods br Results
2021-12-07
Materials and methods Results Discussion Directly modulating specific target proteins and signaling pathways with small-molecule drugs or agonistic 69 8 is widely used for cancer metastasis therapies [[39], [40], [41]]. ANXA7 acts as a metastasis suppressor in prostate cancer. However, the
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Initial experiments confirmed that RBC
2021-12-07
Initial experiments confirmed that RBC8 effectively inhibited both RalA and RalB activation in an identical, dose-dependent manner following platelet stimulation with the GPVI-specific ligand, CRP (Fig. 1Ai). Non-specific, upper bands were observed when immunoblotting for activated RalB, with the sp
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