• During embryonic development retinoic acid RA acts as

  2018-10-20

  

  During embryonic development, retinoic arginase inhibitors (RA) acts as a morphogen, providing signals that instruct commitment of unspecified precursors toward separate cell fates, thereby helping to mediate tissue patterning and organogenesis (Duester, 2008; Kumar and Duester, 2011; Ross et al.,

• br Experimental Procedures br Author Contributions br Acknow

  2018-10-20

  

  Experimental Procedures Author Contributions Acknowledgments Introduction Adult mesenchymal stromal transketolase (MSCs), defined in vitro by their potential to contribute to bone-cartilage-fat cell lineages, are currently used for cell-based bone and cartilage therapies because of thei

• We previously reported that precursor cells expressing the M

  2018-10-20

  

  We previously reported that precursor Tasquinimod expressing the Myf5-Cre knockin driver give rise to a subset of white adipocytes in addition to brown adipocytes and skeletal muscle (Hung et al., 2014; Sanchez-Gurmaches and Guertin, 2014; Sanchez-Gurmaches et al., 2012; Tallquist et al., 2000). In

• rxr receptor Differentiating PGCLCs in aggregates from i cul

  2018-10-20

  

  Differentiating PGCLCs in rxr receptor from 4i cultured human pluripotent stem cells initially utilized a 48-h pre-induction step on Vitronectin/Gelatin coated plates in media composed of bFGF and either TGFβ1 or ACTIVIN A. However subsequent experiments showed that the pre-induction step before ag

• Implementation of MSCs in the aspect of tissue

  2018-10-20

  

  Implementation of MSCs in the aspect of tissue-engineering has been shown to be apt in the synergism of cell biological and biomaterial technologies (Maruyama et al., 2016; Tan and Hung, 2017). The MSCs on integration with the current bio-scaffolds indeed prove to be reconstructive (Dehghanifard et

• ampk inhibitor br Material and methods br Results br Discuss

  2018-10-20

  

  Material and methods Results Discussion CHI usually results in severe and permanent neurological impairment. However, there is no single effective therapy for neurological deficits (Kumar and Loane, 2012). Additionally, there is no single animal model reproducing the entire spectrum of neur

• br Introduction Alkaline phosphatase ALP is a ubiquitous mem

  2018-10-20

  

  Introduction Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is a ubiquitous membrane-bound glycoprotein that catalyzes the hydrolysis of phosphate monoesters at basic pH values. Examination of expression of ALP at intracellular and extracellular level is a widely-used procedure in both clinical practice and basic re

• br Experimental Procedures br Author Contributions br Acknow

  2018-10-20

  

  Experimental Procedures Author Contributions Acknowledgments Introduction Induced pluripotent stem Givinostat (iPSCs) have similar properties as embryonic stem cells (ESCs), such as self-renewal and differentiation capacity (Park et al., 2008c; Takahashi and Yamanaka, 2006). Reprogrammi

• br Results br Discussion Here

  2018-10-20

  

  Results Discussion Here, we demonstrate the generation of hESC reporter lines without the use of drug selection for both active and silent genes through the use of the iCRISPR system. Selection-free gene targeting eliminates the need for removal of drug-resistance cassette after identification

• As was shown in this study along with many other

  2018-10-20

  

  As was shown in this study, along with many other previous studies, TALEN and double-nicking CRISPR/Cas9 genome-editing techniques are significantly accurate, with only a negligible risk of random gene disruption, in the drug-selected clones. This result indicates that disrupting a particular gene w

• br Results br Discussion Frequent

  2018-10-20

  

  Results Discussion Frequent tumor relapse in multiple tumor types has now been attributed to the presence of residual CSCs after conventional treatments. We and others have previously identified CD133 to mark a liver CSC subpopulation in HCC (Ma et al., 2007, 2010). Yet, the functional paths b

• Both natural and synthetic approaches have

  2018-10-20

  

  Both natural and synthetic approaches have been used to generate fully defined hPSC culture substrates. ECM proteins such as vitronectin and laminins 511 and 521 have been shown to maintain hESC pluripotency and self-renewal (Braam et al., 2008; Domogatskaya et al., 2012; Miyazaki et al., 2012; Rodi

• Reduction of heterogeneity during reprogramming is critical

  2018-10-20

  

  Reduction of heterogeneity during reprogramming is critical for revealing molecular roadmaps and precise mechanistic analysis. In this regard, the use of 2A peptides constituted a significant improvement (Carey et al., 2009; Kaji et al., 2009; Okita et al., 2008; Sommer et al., 2009; Yusa et al., 20

• br Results br Discussion The pluripotency status of ES cells

  2018-10-20

  

  Results Discussion The pluripotency status of ES A-1210477 or iPS cells is maintained by a tightly regulated transcription factor network (Boyer et al., 2005). OCT4 is at the center of this network (Pardo et al., 2010; van den Berg et al., 2010) and is associated with chromatin modifiers to ma

• The function of LRRK remains to be fully elucidated

  2018-10-20

  

  The function of LRRK2 remains to be fully elucidated, but studies have demonstrated a role for LRRK2 in neurite elongation and arborization. Cultured dopaminergic neurons from human LRRK2-G2019S-expressing transgenic mice and patient-specific induced pluripotent stem dopamine-2 receptor antagonist

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